Greek & Latin Med Terms

Greek & Latin Med Terms

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Greek & Latin Med Terms...

Greek & Latin Med Terms

A list of prefixes, suffixes, and root words from the Greek and Latin language that are very common in the modern English language and in medicine!

a-, ab-, abs- (Latin: from, away, away from; used as a prefix).

a-, an- (Greek: no, absence of, without, lack of, not; used as a prefix).

abacus (Hebrew > Greek > Latin > Middle English: dust).

-able (Latin: a suffix; susceptible to action or treatment).

abdomino-, abdomi-, abdomen- (Latin: belly, venter [the use of “stomach” is considered incorrect for this element]).

abluto-, ablut- (Latin: a washing [especially as a ritual], cleansing).

abort-, aborti- (Latin: miscarry, pass away, perish by an untimely birth).

abysso-, abyss-, abys- (Greek > Latin: Greek [abussoz], a-, “no” plus bussos, “bottom” through Latin [abyssus] no bottom, bottomless).

acerbo-, acerb- (Latin: bitter, sharp, sour, stinging).

achillo-, achill-, Achilles (Greek > Latin: tendon at the back of the heel).

aco-, aceo- (Greek: remedy, cure).

acous-, acou-, acouo-, acoustico-, acouto-, acousti-, -acousia, -acousis, -acoustical, acu- (Greek: hearing, listening, of or for hearing).

-acro, acr- (Greek: high, highest, highest point; top, tip end, outermost; extreme; extremity of the body).

adelpho-, adelph-, -adelphia, -adelphous (Greek: brother).

-adeno-, aden- (Greek: gland(s), glandular [from “acorn”]).

adipo-, adip-, adipos- (Latin: fat, lard; of or pertaining to fat; fleshy).

aeluro-, aelur-, ailuro-, ailouro-, ailur-, eluro- (Greek: cat).

aeolo-, aeol- (Latin: air, wind; rapid, quick).

-aero, aer- (Greek: air, mist, wind).

aesculus- (Latin: ancient name of an Italian oak; now applied to the horse chestnut).

aesth-, esth-, aesthe-, esthe-, aesthesio-, esthesio-, aesthesia-, -esthesia, -aesthetic, -esthetic, -aesthetical, -esthetical, -aesthetically, -esthetically (Greek: feeling, sensation, perception).

agape- (Greek > Latin: love feast of the early Christians; love, love feast; to love).

agglutino-, aggluto-, agglutin- (Latin: ad-, “to, toward, near” plus gluten, glutinis, “glue, beeswax”).

agora-, -gor- (Greek: assembly, market place; open space, public speaking; originally, “to unite”).

agra- (Greek > Latin: pertaining to land or fields).

agrosto-, agrost- (Greek: wild grass; grass).

agryp- (Greek: sleeplessness, wakefulness; originally it meant “sleeping in the field”).

aigialo-, aigial-, aigi- (Greek: beach, seashore; and also a cliff).

ala-, ali-, al- (Latin: wing).

albo-, alb-, -albify (Latin: the color white).

aletho-, aleth- (Greek: true; nothing concealed; real [from a-, “no, nothing” and letho-, “forgetfullness, oblivion”]).

alga [s.], algae [pl.], alg- (Latin: seaweed).

algesi-, alge-, alges-, algesio-, algo-, alg-, algio-, -algesia, -algesic, -algetic, -algic, -algia, -algy (Greek: pain, sense of pain; painful; hurt).

algo-, alg- (Greek: pain).

allanto-, allant- (Greek: sausage).

allelo-, allel- (Greek: one another, of one another; literally, “the other”; reciprocally; in mutual relation).

allotrio- , allotri- (Greek: different, of or belonging to another; foreign, strange; abnormal; perverse).

amatho-, amath-, amathi- (Greek: sand [dust]).

ambi-, amb- (Latin: both, on both sides; around, about).

amblyo-, ambly- (Greek: dull, dullness, dim, dimness, blunt; stupid).

ambo- (Latin: both; the two).

amni- (Latin: stream of water, river).

-andro-, andr-, -ander, -andra, -andria, -andrian, -andric, -andrism, -androus, -andries, -andry (Greek: man, male; as contrasted to woman; stamen or anther).

anima-, anim- (Latin: animal life; breath; soul; mind).

aniso-, anis- (Greek: unequal; by extension: unsymmetrical, uneven; dissimilar, unlike).

apodyso-, -apodys-, -dyso, -dys, -dysis (Greek: undress, disrobe; take off, strip, lay bare; shed, molt).

aracho-, arachi-, araki- (Greek > Latin: legume; peanut).

arch-, archi- (Greek > Latin: chief, principal leader, first [in position or rank]).

-arch, -archic, -archical, -archism, -archy (Greek: govern, rule; ruler, chief [first in position]).

-arian (Latin: a suffix; a person who, a thing that; a person who is a part of something, pertaining to one’s state or condition).

-ase (Greek: a suffix indicating an enzyme).

athero-, ather- (Greek: groats, porridge).

atmo-, atm- (Greek: vapor, steam; air, gas; respiration).

atrio-, atri- (Latin: entrance hall or chamber; upper heart chamber; central room).

author- (Latin: master, leader; he/she who brings about [something]).

bacchus [BAK uhs] (Greek > Latin: an ancient Greek and Roman god of wine and revelry; earlier called Dionysus by the Greeks).

bentho-, benth- (Greek: deep; the fauna and flora of the bottom of the sea; sea bottom; depth [by extension, this element includes lake, river, and stream bottoms]).

bio-, bi-, -bia, -bial, -bian, -bion, -biont, -bius, -biosis, -bium, -biotic, -biotical, -biotic (Greek: life; living, live, alive).

borborygmo-, borborygm- (Greek > Latin: intestinal rumblings, to rumble; gurgling, and splashings).

bosci, bosc- (Greek > Latin: to feed, graze).

botul-, botuli- (Latin: [botulus] sausage).

brachio-, brachi- (Greek: arm [especially the upperarm from the shoulder to the elbow]).

brady- (Greek: slow, slowness; delayed, tardy).

bronto-, bront- (Greek: thunder).

butyro-, butyr- (Greek > Latin: butter; from bou[s] , “ox, cow” plus tyro[s], “cheese”).

calque [KALK] (Latin: calx, heel, to tread; through Italian and French: an imitation, tracing).

capno-, capn-, -capnod- (Greek: smoke; vapor; sooty [extended meaning is carbon dioxide]).

carus (masculine), cara (feminine), carum (neuter) (Latin: dearly, beloved, dear; high-priced, costly).

carpho- (Greek: straw, dry stock; from karphein, to wither, wrinkle, dry).

castrat-, castra- (Latin: to cut, geld, spay; to remove the testicles or ovaries of).

cathar-, cathart-, cathars- (Greek: to purge, to purify, or to cleanse; purification; cleansing).

cautel- (Latin: caution; precaution; wary, careful, heedful).

caval- (Latin: horse [caballus, a horseman; by extension, a gentleman serving as a lady’s escort. Also said to mean: “an inferior horse, a nag”] > Italian [caballeria from caballo, “horse”] > French [cavalerie]).

celer- (Latin: fast, speed, swift, rapid).

cerauno-, kerauno- (Greek: thunderbolt, thunder, lightning [literally, “smasher, crusher”]).

-cern-, -cret- (Latin: separate, sift, distinguish, understand, decide; separated, set apart).

chalco-, chalc- (Greek: copper; brass).

chemo-, chem-, chemico-, chemi- (Arabic > Greek > Latin: the art of combining base metals [to make gold]; from Greek, chemia, “Egypt”, supposedly where the art of changing metals into gold existed).

chiasto-, chiasm- (Greek: crossed, laid crosswise [from ciazein to make in the shape of the Greek letter X, chi, the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet]).

choro-, chor- (Greek: place, space, land; country, district).

-cide, -cides, -cidal (Latin: a suffix; kill, killer; murder, to cause death, slayer; cutter; “to cut down”).

clado-, clad- (Greek klados: shoot, young branch; branch; twig).

clam- [cla-] clamat-, claim- (Latin: talk, call out, speak, say; shout).

clino-, clin-, -clinal, -cline, -clinic (Greek: bed; slope, slant; lean, leaning).

clono-, clon-, -cloner, -clonal, -clonally (Greek: twig; later, in modern usage: “exact duplicate, carbon copy, replica”).

-cole, -coles, -colid, -coline, -colous (Latin: a suffix; to inhabit, to live in, on, or among; to dwell; living among, dwelling in).

coma (Greek: a deep, sound sleep, lethargy, trance without sleep).

costo-, cost-, costi- (Latin: rib, ribs; side; coast).

-crat, -cracy, -cratic, -cratism, -cratically, -cracies (Greek: a suffix; govern, rule; strength, power).

cred-, credit-, creed- (Latin: believe, belief, faith, confidence, trust).

cris-, crit-, cri- (Greek: a separating, putting apart; a decision; to judge).

crist- (Latin: crest).

croustico-, crousto-, crusto-, croust-, crust-, kroustico-, krousto-, kroust-, krust- (Greek: to stretch; stretch out; to beat, strike).

crymo-, crym-, krymo-, krym- (Greek: cold, frost, chill).

cryo-, cry-, kryo-, kry- (Greek: cold, freezing).

crypto-, crypt- (Greek: hidden, secret).

cyber- (Greek: steersman, pilot, helmsman; to steer, guide, govern, governor).

decibels (Latin: “ten” plus “bel” [Alexander Graham Bell]; a list of decibel levels and the examples that show the various decibel scales).

decor- (Latin: proper, dignified, fitting, seemly; ornament, dignity).

dei-, div- (Latin: God, god [deity, divine nature]).

deipno-, deipn- (Greek: dinner; dining).

delo-, del- (Greek: visible, clear, clearly seen; obvious).

demo-, dem-, demio-, -demic, -deme, -demically (Greek: people).

dendro-, dendr-, dendri-, -dendria, -dendrite, -dendritic, -dendra, -dendron (Greek: tree, tree-like structure).

discip- (Latin: discipulus, pupil, apprentice).

diverticul- (Latin: [from di-, “apart” and vertere, “to turn”] by-road, digression, deviation; to turn away, go in different directions).

domo-, dom-, domato-, domat- (Greek > Latin: house, home [“master, lord” of the house]).

dorm-, dormi- (Latin: sleep, sleeping).

doul-, dulo-, dul- (Greek: slave, servile, slavish; servitude; serving).

dox-, dog-, dogma-, dogmato- (Greek: believe, belief; that which is thought to be true; opinion, doctrine, decree; praise; confidence).

drama- (Greek > Late Latin: to do, to accomplish).

dryo-, dry- (Greek: oak tree; by extension, “tree”).

dys- (Greek: bad, harsh, wrong; ill; hard to, difficult at; slow of; disordered; primarily used as a prefix).

ebulli- (Latin: to bubble, to bubble up; to boil).

eco-, oeco-, oec-, oiko-, oik- (Greek: house, household affairs [environment, habitat], home, dwelling; used in one extensive sense as, “environment”).

eido-, eid-; ido-, id- (Greek: image, figure, form, shape; literally, “that which is seen”).

epano-, epan- (Greek: again; occurring in some rhetorical terms).

eremo-, erem-, eremi- (Greek: lonely, solitary; hermit; desert).

eroto-, erot-, ero-, eros (Greek: love [more of a sexual love]; sexual passion or desire).

eschato-, eschat- (Greek: last, furthest, remotest, outermost).

-esis (Latin: process of action).

esth-, aesth-, esthe-, aesthe-, esthesio-, aesthesio-, esthesia-, -aesthesia, -esthetic, -aesthetic, -esthetical, -aesthetical, -esthetically, -aesthetically (Greek: feeling, sensation, perception).

estiv-, aestiv- (Latin: pertaining to summer; heat).

eunuch (Greek > Latin: literally, guardian of the bed).

eureka! (Greek: “I have found!”).

exa- [EKS uh] (Greek: from hexa-, “six”; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

eureka! (Greek: “I have found!”).

fa-, fam-, fan-, fat-, -fess (Latin: talk, speak, say, spoken about).

fascinat-, fascina- (Latin: to enchant, bewitch, charm).

fat-, fatal- (Latin: oracle, destiny; literally, that which is spoken; to speak; to foretell).

faun-, fauni-, fauna-, -fauna (Latin: animal; a collective name for the animals of a certain region or time).

fecund- (Latin: fruitful, fertile).

feli-, felin-, felino- (Latin: cat).

fid-, fidel- (Latin: believe, belief, trust, faith).

flocc-, floccu- (Latin: tuft or cluster, as of wool).

fluvio-, fluvi- (Latin: river, stream).

frater-, frat- (Latin: brother [family member]).

frica-, frict-, -frice (Latin: a rubbing, rub).

frigo-, frig- (Latin: cold, frost).

fumi-, fum- (Latin: smoke, vapor).

funct-, fungi- (Latin: to perform, execute, discharge; performance, service, execution).

funi-, fun- (Latin: rope, cord).

furcat-, furca- (Latin: fork).

galeo-, galea-, galeat-, galei-, galer- (Latin: helmet, helmet shaped, to cover with a helmet; cap).

galeo-, gale- (Greek: shark).

gato- (Latin [cattus] > Spanish: cat).

gehenna- (Hebrew > Greek > Latin: hell).

gemin- (Latin: twin; double).

gero-, geri-, ger-, geronto-, geront- (Greek: old age, old man, old people).

geus-, geuma-, -geusia, -geusic, -geustia (Greek: taste).

gibb-, gibbo-, gibboso- (Latin: hump, humpbacked).

glaci- (Latin: ice).

glutto-, glutt- (Latin: to swallow, gulp down).

glypto-, glypt-, -glypha, -glyph, -glyphic, -glyphous (Greek: carve, carving, engraving; to hollow out).

gonado-, gonad- (Latin: ovary or testis; based on Greek gonos, “seed” and gone, “that which generates; origination; seed; semen”).

gram-, -gram-, -grammatic, -grammatical, -grammatically, -gramme, -grammic (Greek: write, that which is written, a letter, a written record).

grapho-, graph-, -graph, -graphy, -grapher, -graphia (Greek: to scratch; write, record, draw, describe).

gymno-, gymn- (Greek: naked, nude, uncovered, bare, exposed, unclad, disrobed, undressed).

gyno-, gyn-, gynaeco-, gyneco-, gyne-, -gynia, -gynic, gynec-, -gynist, -gynous, -gyny (Greek: woman, female).

hades (Greek: the lower world [originally, invisible, to make invisible]; sometimes used to mean hell).

hapto-, hapt-, -hapte (Greek: touch, fasten, contact, seizure; binding, attaching).

hebdoma- (Greek: seventh).

hebe-, heb- (Greek: youth, pubescence, puberty [the period during which the secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained; by extension, young man]).

-her-, -hes- (Latin: stick to, cling to, cleave to).

hernio-, herni- (Latin: protruded viscus; rupture; in the sense of “protrusion of tissue or part of an organ through an abnormal opening in the surrounding walls”).

hetero-, heter- (Greek: different, other, another, unlike; used as a prefix).

homo-, hom- (Greek: same, equal, like, similar, common; one and the same).

homo-, hom-, hum- (Latin: human beings, mankind, man).

horo- (Greek: hour, period of time, season, time).

hubris- (Greek: wanton violence, riotousness, insolence; outrage; arrogance).

iatro-, iater-, -iatria, -iatric, -iatrician, -iatrics, -iatry (Greek: physician; heal, cure, treat; medical healing).

ichthyo-, ichthy-, -ichth- (Greek: fish).

idio-, idi- (Greek: peculiar, one’s own, personal, private; of or pertaining to one’s self; distinct, separate, alone).

ign-, igni-, ignis- (Latin: fire, burn).

iso-, is- (Greek: equal; by extension: same, similar, alike; used as a prefix).

integ- (Latin: whole, complete).

ithyo-, ithy- (Greek: straight).

none

kedo-, ked-, cedo-, cedno- (Greek: worry, anxiety, care, grief, trouble, to be concerned for; protector, guardian, most worthy of care).

laconi-, lacon- (Latin: concise, abrupt; literally, resembling the style of the Lacedaemonians or Spartans).

laparo-, lapar- (Greek: the soft part of the body between the ribs and the hip, flank, loin; denotes the flank or loins and the abdominal wall).

larcen-, latro- (Latin: theft, robbery, felony; from latrocinium, service of mercenaries; freebooting, robbery; latro, “a mercenary soldier; robber”).

lard (Greek: fat > Latin: [lardum] bacon).

lauro- (Greek: a drain, passage; sewer).

lax- (Latin: loose; slack).

leg-, lex (Latin: pertaining to the law, legal).

legi-, leg-, ligi-, lig-, lect-, lex-, -lexia, -lexis, -lexic, -lectic (Latin: read, readable [to choose words; gather, collect; to pick out, choose; to read, recite]).

lemmo-, lemm-, lemma- (Greek: sheath, husk).

lemma- [singular], lemmata- [plural] (Greek > Latin: to take [something for granted]).

lexico-, lexi-, lex-, -lexia, -lexias, -lexic, -lectic (Greek: a word; a saying, a phrase; speaking).

libr-, libel (Latin: book; originally, the “inner bark of a tree”, whence “the text written on this”, “collection of leaves for writing”, and finally “book”).

libra-, liber-, libri- (Latin: balance; to be balanced; level, make even; Roman pound). (Greek: fat, fatty).

lipo-, lip-, -lipid, -lipoid, -lipoma, -lipomatous (Greek: fat, fatty).

lisso-, liss- (Greek: smooth, polished).

livid-, liv- (Latin > French: bluish, livid; bluish color).

logo-, log-, -logia, , -logical, -logic, -logism, -logician, -logian, -logist, -logy [-ology is in a separate list] (Greek: talk, speech, speak; word).

long-, longi- (Latin: long).

loqu-, -loquence, -loquent, -loquently, -iloquent, -iloquently (Latin: talk, speak, say).

loutro-, loutr- (Greek: bath, bathing).

luco-, luc-, luci-, lux, -lucence, -lucent (Latin: light, shine).

lud-, ludi-, lus- (Latin: play, make sport of, jest; sportive; pastime).

lugubri-, lugubr- (Latin: pertaining to mourning, mournful, painful; lament, bewail).

lumen-, lumin-, lum- (Latin: light, shine; torch, lamp; heavenly body).

luna, luni-, lun-, lunu- (Latin: moon, light, shine).

lustr-, lust- (Latin: light up, shine).

lut- (Latin: mud; clay; dirt; filth; mire).

lygo-, lyg- (Greek: shadow, shadowy; shade, darkness; twilight; gloomy).

macul-, maculat- (Latin: spot, mark, stain, blot, mesh).

mal-, male-, mali- (Latin: bad, badly, harsh, wrong; ill; evil; abnormal, defective).

malaco-, malac-, malako-, -malacia (Greek: soft, softness; abnormal softening, soft-bodied).

malaxo-, malax- (Latin: to soften, softening; to mollify; a kneading movement used in massage; stroking, caressing, love play).

malleo-, malle- (Latin: hammer).

-mancy, -mancer, -mantic, -mantical (Greek: used as a suffix; divination, prophecy; to interpret signs so “practical” decisions can be made [related to -mania]).

-mania, -maniac, -maniacal, -manic, -manically, -maniacally (Greek: mental disorder).

mano-, man- (Greek: sparse, thin, rare; slack, loose; by extension, “gas, vapor”.).

marito-, marit- (Latin: pertaining to a husband or marriage; used as a prefix).

mascu-, mas- (Latin: male, manly, of or relating to men or boys; of the male sex and gender; bold, courageous).

mater-, matri-, matro- matr- (Latin: mother, mama, mom; mum (British) [family member]).

mecono-, mecon- (Greek > Latin: [mekonion > meconium] of or pertaining to the poppy, poppy, poppy-juice; opium).

mend- (Latin: defect, blemish).

meteoro-, meteor- (Greek: upraised, high up; in the air; anything raised from the ground, high, lofty; hovering in the air; hence, “heavenly body, atmospheric phenomenon”).

metro-, metr- (Greek: mother [family member]).

micto-, -mict- (Greek: mix, mixed; thrown together, blended).

miso-, mis-, -misia (Greek: hate, hater, hatred; disgust for; revulsion of).

mne-, mnem-, mnemon-, mnes-, -mnesia, -mnesiac, -mnesic, -mnestic (Greek: memory, to remember).

monstr-, monst- (Latin: an omen; a supernatural manifestation; hence, “horrific-supernatural being; supernatural manifestation”); monstrum, an evil omen, portent, monster; literally, “that which serves as a warning”, “to show, point out, indicate”.

mort-, mor-, mori- (Latin: death, dead).

multi-, mult- (Latin: many, much; used as a prefix).

muses (Greek: goddesses of fine arts; including, Calliope, Clio, Erato, Urania, Euterpe, Polyhymnia, Thalia, Melpomene, and Terpsichore).

mythico-, mytho-, myth-, -mythical, -mythical, -mythically, -mythic (Greek: talk, speech, word; story; legend).

narco-, narc-, -narcotic, narcotico-, -narcosis, -narcoticism (Greek: numbness, dullness; sleep, stupor, torpor; benumb, deaden).

nata- (Latin: to swim, swimming; floating).

nebula-, nebul- (Latin: mist, fog, cloud, smoke).

neci-, nici- (Latin: death, kill, deadly, murderous, destructive).

necro-, necr-, necron-, -necrosis, nekro- (Greek: dead, death, dead body, dead tissue, corpse).

nephal- (Greek: soberness, sober; drink no wine).

nephelo-, nephel-, nepho- neph- (Greek: cloud, clouds, cloudiness).

nepot-, nepo- (Latin: nephew; grandson, grandchild; descendant [family member]; nepotism, et al.).

neusto-, neust-, -neuston, -neustonic (Greek: swim, float).

Nike (Greek: goddess of victory in Greek mythology; literally, victory).

nisus (Latin: from niti, to strive, to endeavor; effort, endeavor).

nivi-, niv-, nivos- (Latin: snow, snowy, snowiness).

noci-, noc- (Latin: to injure; injury, trauma; a noxious or deleterious agent or influence).

nocti-, noct-, nox (Latin: night).

nom-, nomen-, nomin-, -nomia, -nomic (Latin: name).

nomo-, nom- (Greek: a meadow; a pasture; an abode; a place for eating).

noso-, nos-, nosero-, noser-, -nosia, -nosis, nosema- (Greek: disease, sickness).

nosto-, nost- (Greek: return home).

notho-, noth- (Greek: spurious, bastard, false, mongrel; masculine, illegitimate child).

nudo-, nudi- (Latin: naked, uncovered).

numbers (Greek: Greek numerals, cardinals followed by ordinals).

numbers (Latin: Roman numerals, cardinals followed by ordinals).

nycti-, nyct-, nycto-, nyc- (Greek: night).

obeso-, obes- (Latin: fat, corpulent).

odium, odious (Latin: hatred, hateful, hate; bitterness; disgusting; offensive; opprobrium; annoyance).

odori-, odoro- (Latin: smell [noun form]).

oleo-, ole-, -oleic, ol- (Greek > Latin: [olive] oil; fat).

omento-, oment- (Latin: fat, adipose tissue; and by extension, caul, intestines).

-onym, -onymy, -onymic, -onymically, -onymous, -onymously, -nym (Greek: used as a suffix; name).

opsi-, ops- (Greek: late, later).

opsino-, opso-, opsoni- (Greek: boiled meat).

opsono-, opson-, -opsony (Greek: to buy food; to purchase provisions, such as food).

orc-, orca- (Greek > Latin: a kind of whale; large sea creature).

orchido-, orchid-, orchio-, orchi-, -orchium (Greek > Latin: testes; testicles).

organo-, organ- (Greek: an organized structure; pertaining to a specific bodily part with a specific function or set of functions; instrument, tool, implement).

oscheo-, osche- (Greek: scrotum; a combining form denoting relationship to the scrotum).

-ose (-iose)., -osic, -osity, -osely (Greek: a suffix; sweet wine).

osphresio-, osphresi- (Greek: to smell; pertaining to odor or to the sense of smell).

oxy-, -oxia, -oxic (Greek: sharp, pointed, keen; acidic, pungent).

pago-, pag- (Greek: frost or freezing; fixed or hardened; united).

pali-; palim-, palin- (Greek: recurrence, repetitious; back, backward, again; returning, repeating).

palli-, pallio, pallit- (Latin: mantle, covering; cloak).

pan-, panto-, pant- (Greek: all, every, entire).

papyro-, papyr- (Greek: papyrus [singular], papyri [plural]; paper).

parvo-, parvi- (Latin: [parvus] small, little; minute, minuscule).

pass-, pati- (Latin: suffering, feeling; enduring).

pater-, patro-, patr-, patria, patri- (Latin: father [family member]; fatherland).

patho-, -path-, -pathia, -pathic, -pathology, -pathetic, -pathize, -pathy (Greek: feeling, sensation, perception, suffering, [in medicine, these elements usually mean “one who suffers from a disease of, or one who treats a disease”]).

pecca-, pecc- (Latin: err, sin, commit a crime).

ped-, pedi-, -pedal, -ped, -pede, -pedia (Latin: foot, feet).

pedo-, paedo-, ped-, paed-, paido-, paid- (Greek: child, boy; infant).

pejor- (Latin: worse).

-penia-, -penic, pen-, penia- (Greek > Modern Latin: abnormal reduction, decrease in, insufficient, deficiency; originally, poverty, need; sometimes erroneously or incorrectly rendered as -poenia).

perineo- (Greek: space between the scrotum or mons veneris and the anus).

petalo-, petal-, -petalous (Greek: leaf; from the adjective petalos, “flat, spread out”).

-petalous (Greek: in botany, a suffix combining form meaning, “having a certain number or a certain shape of petals”).

phago-, phag-, -phag, -phage, -phagic, -phagia, -phagism, -phagist, -phagous, -phagy (Greek: eat, consume, ingest).

phalango-, phalang- (Greek via Latin: bone between two joints of a finger or toe; line of battle; from phalanx, heavy infantry in close order [from Greek antiquity]).

phlego-, phleg-(Greek [phlegmatikos] & Latin [phlegmaticus]: heat, inflammation; burn, inflame).

philo-, phil-, -phile, -philia, -philic, -philous, -phily, -philiac, -philist, -philism (Greek: love, loving, friendly to, fondness for, attraction to, strong tendency toward, affinity for).

phlogo-, phlog-, phlox (Greek: fire, flame; inflammation).

-phobia, -phobias, -phobe, -phobiac, -phobist, -phobic, -phobism, -phobous; phobo-, phob- (Greek: fear, extreme fear of, morbid fear of, excessive fear of, irrational fear or terror of something or someone; however, sometimes this Greek element means a strong dislike or hatred for something).

phono-, phon-, -phone, -phonia, -phonic, -phonetic, -phonous, -phonically, -phonetically, -phony (Greek: phone; sound; voice).

phono-, phon- (Greek: phono[s]; slaughter, murder, homicide).

phospho-, phosph-, phosphoro-, phosphor- (Greek: light, shine; morning star; a nonmetallic chemical element that ignites when exposed to air).

photo-, phot-, -photic, -phote (Greek: light).

phreno-, phren-, phreni-, phrenico-, phrenic-, -phrenia, -phrenic, -phrenically (Greek: mind, brain; the midriff or the diaphragm; the phrenic nerve).

phreto-, phret- (Greek: well, reservoir, a tank).

phront-, phorntid-; phronemo-, phron- (Greek: thought, care, attention; think, thinking, contemplation).

physo-, phys- (Greek: breath, wind; pertaining to air or gas; bellows, bladder, bubble; swollen; as seen in many modern scientific terms).

pilo-, pil-, pili- (Latin: hair).

pimelo-, pimel-, pimele- (Greek: [soft] fat).

pineal-, pinea- (Latin: pine tree, relating to the pine; shaped like a cone).

pino-, pin- (Greek: a combining form confused between three Greek roots and may mean “hunger”, “dirt”, or “drink”; and there is one Latin form referring to the “pine tree”).

pio-, pi-, pion- (Greek: fat).

pisci-, pisc- (Latin: fish).

plankto-, plankt-, -plankton (Greek: passively drifting, wandering, or roaming).

plano-, plan-, -plany, -plania (Greek: passively drifting, wandering, or roaming).

planta-, plant- (Latin: sole of the foot).

plaud-, plaus-, plod-, plos- (Latin: applause, to clap, strike, beat, to clap the hands).

pluto-, plut- (Greek: wealth, wealthy, rich).

pneo-, -pnea, -pneic, -pnoea, -pnoeic, -pneo (Greek: air, wind; breathing).

pnigo-, pnig-, pnigmato-, pnigmat- (Greek: choke, stifle, smother).

po-, poo-, -poa- (Greek: grass, a grassy place; meadow, meadows).

podo-, pod-, -poda, -pod, -pode, -podium, -podia, -podial, -podous, -pody (Greek: foot, feet).

poly- (Greek: many, much; too many, too much, excessive; a prefix used with many words). Don’t confuse this poly- with another -poly that means “to sell”.

-poly, -pole, -polism, -polist, -polistic, -polistically (Greek: used as a suffix; sale, selling; one who sells; pertaining to selling; barter).

pono-, pon-, -ponic, -ponics (Greek: toil, labor, work hard, fatigue; exertion; also, suffering, pain).

port-, portat- (Latin: carry, bring, bear).

potamo-, potam- (Greek: river, stream).

potash (Dutch > New Latin: potassium carbonate).

prandial- (Latin: prandium, literally, that which is eaten early).

presbyo-, presby- (Greek: old, relationship to old age; literally, he that goes first).

priap- (Greek, Priapos > Latin Priapus: god of procreation shown with a large penis; by extension, penis).

privat-, priv- (Latin: individual; not in public life).

problem- (Greek > Latin: literally, “something thrown forward, to throw forward”).

psepho-, pseph- (Greek > Latin: pebble/pebbles, stone/stones; election; vote).

psychro-, psychr- (Greek: cold).

psylli-, psyll- (Greek > Latin: flea).

puer- (Latin: boy, child).

pygo-, pyg-, -pyga, -pygia (Greek: rump, buttocks, bottom; rear end; butt; the posterior part of the body).

quant- (Latin: how much; as much as, how many; amount).

quas- (Latin: to make void, annul; originally from the Latin meaning of, “to shake violently, to shatter”).

quasi- (Latin: as if, as it were, as though; somewhat like, resembling, seemingly).

quir-, quisit-, quis-, que-, quer-, quest-, -quirement, -quirable, -quisition, -quisitive (Latin: ask, seek).

rami-, ram- (Latin: branch).

rani-, ran- (Latin: frog).

rhem- (Greek: a thing said; word; term).

rhigo-, rhig- (Greek: cold, frost; shiver).

robor-, rob- (Latin: strengthening; to strengthen, invigorate; strength).

sal-, sali- (Latin: salt).

sanct- (Latin: sacred, holy).

sapo-, sap-, sapon-, saponi- (Latin: soap).

sarmasso-, sarmass- (Greek [sarx, flesh plus massein, to knead, to massage; methodical pressure]: love play, sexual foreplay with a woman; “necking ”).

satyr- (Greek > Latin: a woodland deity, part man and part goat; riotous merriment and lechery).

sauro-, saur-, -saurus, -saurid, -saur, -sauria, -saurian (Greek: lizard).

scintill- (Latin: light, shine, spark, sparkle, twinkle).

scorbuti-, scorbut- (Latin: pertaining to, or having scurvy [a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C in the body, characterized by weakness, anemia, spongy gums, bleeding from the mucous membranes, etc.]).

scrib-, script-, -scribe, -scription, -scriptive (Latin: write, record).

scroto-, scrot- (Latin: the pouch that holds the testes; a purse; probably a variant of scortum, a skin, hide, or of scrautum; a leather bag for holding arrows; akin to scrupus, a sharp stone).

sebo-, seb-, sebi- (Latin: tallow, suet, fat, fatty; grease; oily; by extension, “pertaining to a suetlike secretion of the body”).

seismo-, seism-, -seism, -seisms, -seisma, -seismically, -seismical, -seismal, -seismic (Greek: shake, earthquake [move to and fro’; to shake, move violently]).

sen-, sene-, seni-, sir- (Latin: old age, old, elder).

senso-, sens-, sensi-, sensori-, sent- (Latin: feeling, sensation, perception through the senses, to be aware, awareness, to discern with the senses).

sequest-, sequestr- (Latin: to give up for safe keeping; a depository, trustee; to shut up illegally).

serra-, serri-, serr- (Latin: saw, saw-tooth).

serv- (Latin: to be a slave, to serve; slave).

serv- (Latin: safe; to save, saved, preserved; from servare).

sesqui- (Latin: one and a half; normally used as a prefix; from Latin, semis “half” + que “and”).

sheol (Hebrew: the grave; hell; pit).

sodom- (Hebrew > Greek > Latin: inhabitant of Sodom).

sola-, sol- (Latin: to comfort, to encourage, to cheer).

soli-, sol- (Latin: one, alone, only).

somni-, somno-, somn-, -somnia, -somniac (Latin: sleep; dream).

sorb-, sorpt- (Latin: to suck in).

soror-, sorori-, soro- (Latin: sister [family member]).

sphinctero-, sphincter- (Greek > Latin: that which binds tightly, press together; band, lace; hence, muscle that closes an aperture of the body; a ringlike band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural orifice).

sphagno-, sphagni-, sphagn- (Greek: moss).

stalac-, stalag- (Greek > Latin: dropping, dripping; trickling; to drip, to drop, to trickle).

stauro-, staur- (Greek: upright stake; hence, “rood, cross”; cross-shaped, crosslike, crossed).

steato-, steat- (Greek: fat; suet, tallow).

stegano- (Greek: covered, to cover).

stele-, stel-, -stele, -stelic (Greek: an inscribed stone slab; a block of stone, gravestone; column, pillar).

stratio-, strati-, strato-, strat- stratus (Latin: horizontal layer; “stretched, spread out”; layer, cloud layer).

strato- (Greek: army).

stygeo-, styge-, stygio, stygi-, stygo-, styg- (Greek: hate, hating, hated, hateful; abhor, abhorrence; loathsome, loathing).

sucho-, -suchus (Greek: crocodile [Egyptian name for crocodile]).

suffoco-, suffoc- (Latin: choke, stifle, strangle).

syco- (Greek > Latin: fig).

tacho-, tach-, tachy- (Greek: fast, speed, swift, rapid).

tacit-, taci-, tace- (Latin: silent, silence; unspoken; quiet).

talo-, tal- (Latin: the ankle, anklebone).

tapho-, taph-, -taphia (Greek: burial, grave; tomb; funeral).

tarax-, tarac- (Greek > Latin: disturbed; confusion, disturbance, trouble).

techno-, techn-, tect-, -technic[s], -technique, -technology, -technical, -technically (Greek: art, skill, craft; techne, art, skill, craft; tekton, “builder”).

telluri-, tellur- (Latin: earth).

tempo-, tempor- (Latin: time, occasion).

tendo-, tend-, ten-, tens-, tent-, ton-, -tend, -tension, -tend, -tent, -tense, -tensive, -tentious (Greek > Latin: to move in a certain direction; to stretch, hold out; tension).

tera- [TE ruh] (Greek: “monster, marvel”; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

terato-, terata-, terat-, tera- (Greek > Latin: marvel, omen, monster; malformation).

terri- (Latin: frightful; literally, causing terror).

tessara-, tessera- (Greek > Latin: four; cube; Latin, password).

testi-, test- (Latin: a witness, one who stands by; testicle, one of the two oval male gonads supported in the scrotum by its tissues and suspended by the spermatic cord).

thalasso-, thalass-, thalassi-, thalassio-, thalatto-, thalatt- (Greek: sea).

thanato-, thanat-, thanas-, -thanasia, -thanasic (Greek: death, dead).

thaumato-, thaumat- (Greek: wonder, wondrous thing; miracle; a thing to look at; sight spectacle).

thely- (Greek: feminine, female, females; daughter, daughters).

theo-, the-, -theism, -theist, -theistic (Greek: God, god, deity, divine).

theo-, the-, -theism, -theist, -theistic (Greek [theorein, theoria]; Latin [theoria]: looking at, contemplation, speculation; viewing).

therap-, -therapeutic[s], -therapeutically, -therapy, -therapies, -therapist (Greek: heal, cure; treatment; service done to the sick, a waiting on).

therio-, theri-, thero-, ther-, -there, -therium, -theria, -theridae, -therian, -therioid, -theroid (Greek: animal, wild beast, wild animal).

thermo-, therm-, thermi-, -thermia, -therm, -thermal, -thermic, -thermous, -thermy (Greek: heat, hot, warm).

thesaur- (Greek > Latin: treasure, treasury, storehouse, chest; a treasury of words).

threpso-, threps- (Greek: nutrition, nourishment).

thygatro-, thygatr-, thygatri-, thygater- (Greek: daughter).

tigri-, tigr-, tiger (Greek > Latin > Old French: swift animal).

tonitro-, tonitru- (Latin: thunder).

trachelo-, trachel- (Greek: neck, throat, cervix).

tracheo-, trache- (Greek: windpipe; originally, “rough” artery).

trepid- (Latin: agitated, alarmed, restless, anxious, solicitous; consternation).

tri- (Greek > Latin: three, thrice, threefold; a number used as a prefix).

tribo-, trib- (Greek: friction, rub, rubbing, grind, wear away; spend, waste time; be busy).

trit- (Latin: tritus, past participle of terere, to rub; thresh, grind; to wear away).

typho-, typh-, -typhoidal, -typhus, -typhic (Greek: to smoke, smoke, mist, vapor, cloud, fog; in medicine, fever accompanied by stupor or a clouding of the mind resulting from a fever).

ubi- (Latin: where).

ultim- (Latin: end, last, final).

umbra-, umbro-, umbr-, umbel- (Latin: shade, shadow).

uxor- (Latin: wife; spouse [female]).

valid-, val-, vale-, -vail, -valent, -valence (Latin: valere, to be strong, to be well, to be worth; strong; power, strength; and “fare well” [go with strength]).

veloci-, veloc-, velo- (Latin: fast, speed, swift, and rapid).

veno-, ven- (Latin: poison).

verb-, verbi-(Latin: word).

veri-, ver- (Latin: true, truth, real, truthfulness).

vexat-, vex- (Latin: annoy, irritate; to harass; an agitation; a shaking, jolting, shock).

vexill- (Latin: flag, standard).

vicar- (Latin: substitute; change, alternation).

vir-, viri-, virtu-(Latin: man, manliness; manhood; husband).

vitello-, vitell- (Latin: yolk, yolk of an egg).

volan-, vola- (Latin: to fly; flying; flies).

volen-, volunt-, voli-, vol- (Latin: will, free will, free choice; wish, personal desire).

vor-, vora-, -vore, -vorous, -vores, -vora, -vory (Latin: eat, consume, devour).

vot- (Latin: vow, affirm; from votum).

none

-xenous (Greek: a combining suffix pertaining to a “host” or “guest”).

xylo-, xyl- (Greek: wood; the first element of various scientific and technical words that refer to wood).

yocto- (Greek: from octo-, “eight”; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

yotta- [YAH tuh or maybe YOH tuh] (Greek: from octo-, “eight”; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

zepto- [ZEP toh] (Latin: septo-, seven; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

zeta (Greek: the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet).

zetta- [ZE tuh] (Latin: septo-, “seven”; a decimal prefix used in the international metric system for measurements).

zoo-, zo-, -zoic, -zoid, -zoite, -zoal, -zonal, -zooid, -zoon, -zoa, -zoan (Greek: animal; living being; life).

zoster-, zoster (Greek: girdle; belt).

zygomatico- (Greek: the malar bone or the arch that the malar bone forms with the other bones to which it is connected).