Circulation 1

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Circulation 1...

Circulation 1:

General or systemic circulation has a fourfold function:

circulates nutrients, O2, H2O, and secretions to the tissues

carries CO2 and wastes away from tissues

equalizes body temperature

aids in protecting body from harmful bacteria

Blood Vessels

The heart pumps the blood to all parts of the body througha remarkable system called the circulatory system.

Within the circulatory system there are three types of blood vessels:

arteries

capillaries

veins

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries. An example of an artery is the aorta.

(the pulmonary artery is an exception to this statement as it takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs)

Arteries transport blood under high pressure they are:

elastic

thick walled

muscular

Small arteries that get progressively smaller are called arterioles. Arterioles that control flow into microscopic exchange vessles that are called capillaries.

Capillary beds are where the nutrients and gas exchange occurs the blood then enters the venules which hook together and increasingly larger turning in to veins.

The largest veins being the superior and inferior vena cava.

Arteries, capillaries and veins differ in structure. However 3 layers are found in both capillaries and veins.

tunica adventitia

tunica media

tunica intima

TUNICA ADVENTITIA OR EXTERNA

outer layer

loose connective tissue mixed with smooth muscle

great elasticity

allows the arteries to tolerate great increases in pressure or volume as when the heart contracts

TUNICA MEDIA

middle layer

smooth muscle tissue

TUNICA INTIMA

inner layer

made of endothelial cells to give a smooth lining so that no obstruction takes place.

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